Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum), the most primitive cultivated wheat species, originated in Asia Minor (Anatolia). This diploid (AA genome) cereal features small, tightly packed ears with broad lateral and narrow terminal spikelets. Its brittle rachis facilitates wild-type seed dispersal, while mature grains exhibit vertical lemma fragmentation. Though low-yielding and late-maturing with poor baking quality, einkorn possesses unique genetic resilience inherited from its wild progenitor T. boeoticum. Valued as a critical genetic resource, it contributes disease resistance, environmental adaptability, and nutritional traits (high protein/carotenoids) to modern wheat breeding programs, enhancing sustainability in marginal environments.